- Find the cause of hypothyroidism, like Hashimoto’s disease or iodine deficiency, to help guide treatment.
- Ask for a full thyroid panel to uncover hidden causes and tailor your care plan.
- Pair medication with quality sleep, stress management and healthy eating for better thyroid health.
Receiving a new health diagnosis can feel overwhelming—especially one that affects your daily energy, mood and metabolism. When your doctor tells you that you have hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid), it’s normal to feel a flood of questions about what that means and what steps you should take next. The good news? You’re not alone, and the path forward is more manageable than it might seem.
To help you navigate the early stages of your diagnosis, we spoke with health experts about what to prioritize right away. Here’s what they recommend.
1. Determine the Root Cause
One of the most critical first steps is to understand why you have hypothyroidism—the diagnosis alone isn’t the full picture. Multiple factors can lead to an underactive thyroid, and identifying the specific reason is key to managing your condition effectively.
“The very first thing you should do is confirm the root cause of your hypothyroidism with the right lab tests,” says Christine Maren, D.O., IFMCP, MSCP. She explains the importance of this step: “Hypothyroidism can come from different causes (Hashimoto’s, iodine deficiency, postpartum thyroiditis, etc.). Jumping straight to medication without understanding why risks missing autoimmune disease, nutrient imbalances or related conditions.”
“Most common causes [of hypothyroidism] are autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto) or iodine deficiency. It’s crucial to determine this right in the beginning because it can predict the course of the disease and guide towards any dietary recommendations,” Meena Malhotra, M.D., ABOM, ABIM, added. Identifying the root cause not only helps tailor treatment but also empowers patients to make informed decisions about their health.
2. Ask for a Full Thyroid Panel
To uncover the root cause, you’ll likely need more than a standard TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) test. “I highly suggest getting a full thyroid panel including thyroid antibodies,” says Vanessa Imus, M.S., RDN. A comprehensive set of tests, often called a full thyroid panel, provides a more detailed view of your thyroid function. This can help you and your health care provider understand if an autoimmune condition is at play.
One key component of a full thyroid panel is testing for thyroid antibodies, which can reveal whether your immune system is attacking your thyroid. This is a hallmark of Hashimoto’s disease. “A majority of diagnosed hypothyroidism in the U.S. is actually Hashimoto’s disease. This is important to know so that you can take steps to reduce the risk of additional autoimmune diseases down the road, since Hashimoto’s disease greatly increases the risk for developing another autoimmune disease,” says Imus. Identifying these antibodies early can provide clarity on the underlying cause of your condition and guide your treatment plan, including dietary or lifestyle changes that may help reduce inflammation.
3. Discuss Medication with a Provider
For some, medication may be prescribed immediately after a diagnosis. “Once your doctor has diagnosed you with an underactive thyroid and determined that you need treatment, the first thing to do is start on levothyroxine therapy,” Rachel Pessah-Pollack, M.D., FACE, suggests. She explains that this medication works by restoring your thyroid hormone levels to a normal range. “This medication is a way to normalize your thyroid levels and help relieve potential symptoms you may have with an underactive thyroid (common symptoms include fatigue, constipation, dry skin, hair loss and weight gain),” Pollack adds.
The timing of your dose and what you consume around it can affect how well it works. “If you are diagnosed with hypothyroidism and prescribed thyroid medication like levothyroxine, be sure to discuss with your doctor and pharmacist how to take and schedule your medication to maximize absorption,” advises Alexis Appel, RDN.
4. Focus on Lifestyle Adjustments
While medication is a cornerstone of treatment, lifestyle factors play a role in how you feel, especially if your hypothyroidism is caused by Hashimoto’s disease. Addressing these areas may help support your overall health and manage the autoimmune component of the disease.
These changes don’t have to be drastic or extreme. Instead, think of them as small habits you can begin and build on over time. According to Imus, “If you identify that Hashimoto’s disease is the cause of your hypothyroidism, then you’ll want to take steps to regulate your immune system. This requires focusing on gut health, sleep hygiene, stress management, nutrient deficiencies and an anti-inflammatory diet.” Starting small with one of these areas, like prioritizing sleep or finding simple ways to manage stress, can make a meaningful difference.
Other Tips for Managing Hypothyroidism
As you move forward beyond the initial diagnosis, you’ll find that managing hypothyroidism is an ongoing process. Here are a few other tips to help you on your long-term journey:
- Find a supportive health care team. Work with doctors and practitioners who listen to your symptoms, are open to comprehensive testing and are willing to partner with you to find the best treatment plan.
- Keep a symptom journal. Tracking your symptoms, energy levels and any side effects can provide valuable information for you and your doctor to see how well your treatment is working.
- Educate yourself from reliable sources. Learn more about your specific condition from reputable health organizations, medical journals and your health care providers to feel more empowered in managing your health.
- Connect with a support community. Sharing your experience with others who understand what you’re going through can provide emotional support and practical tips for daily life.
Our Expert Take
A hypothyroidism diagnosis is the first step toward understanding your body better and taking control of your health. By working with a health care provider to identify the root cause, starting the right treatment and making supportive lifestyle changes, you can manage your condition effectively. Remember to be patient with yourself as you navigate this new journey. You have the tools and information to move forward with confidence and feel your best.
