The super contagious virus known as RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) usually begins to spread in fall and reaches peak levels in the winter. Nearly everyone gets it by the time they reach their second birthday and many people are infected more than once — maybe even several times — throughout their lifetime. Studies have shown that children have a 10 to 20 percent chance of getting sick with RSV each year, with the rates in adults slightly lower. It’s even possible to get RSV multiple times within one season (though symptoms tend to be milder after the first bout), according to Mayo Clinic . While RSV can cause severe and even deadly complications , particularly in high-risk groups ( babies , older adults , and individuals who have chronic medical conditions or are immunocompromised), the virus is not typically a serious threat to most other people. In low-risk groups RSV usually causes nothing more than cold-like symptoms — runny or stuffy nose, coughing, headache, low-grade fever, a sore throat — that go away on their own in a week or two. Babies with RSV may lose their appetite because they are so congested.
How to Treat RSV at Home How to Treat RSV at Home If you or your child are not at high risk from RSV, you can usually ride out a mild infection at home with so-called supportive care — over-the-counter medications and home remedies aimed at managing symptoms. “The type of supportive care that’s recommended can depend on individual symptoms,” says David Banach, MD, MPH , associate professor of medicine and head of infection prevention at UConn Health in Farmington, Connecticut. For example, there are over-the-counter drugs that can help with nasal congestion, alleviate coughing, or reduce pain or fever, he explains. In most cases, there are three main things that can help someone with RSV feel better, says Sharon Nachman, MD , chief of the division of pediatric infectious diseases and professor of pediatrics at Stony Brook University’s Renaissance School of Medicine in Stony Brook, New York. They are: Lots of fluids (it’s especially important to prevent dehydration) Rest Tylenol (acetaminophen) to reduce fever and pain What about antibiotics? “Antibiotics aren’t prescribed for RSV because it’s a viral illness, not a bacterial infection,” says Dr. Nachman. In general, recommendations about RSV home treatments are the same for adults and older children, says Nachman. One important warning is that children under age 19 should never be given aspirin because of the risk of a life-threatening metabolic condition called Reye’s syndrome, according to Stanford Medicine . Although children’s acetaminophen or ibuprofen is safe (follow the directions on the label), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not recommend over-the-counter medicines to treat cough and cold symptoms in kids under age 2 because of potentially serious side effects. If you aren’t sure about which over-the-counter medications are safe for children, check with their healthcare provider.
Natural Remedies for RSV Natural Remedies for RSV There are a number of nonmedication at-home remedies that can help a person with mild RSV feel better, says Nachman. These include: Honey Nachman typically recommends honey to soothe a sore throat or help with a cough. “Adults can put it in tea, and children, provided they are over age 1, can have a scoop in their juice. However, don’t give honey to an infant or baby less than 12 months old,” she says. A bacteria called Clostridium botulinum can be present in honey and cause infant botulism in babies under 1 year old, according to KidsHealth . Vaporizers and Humidifiers “I recommend these because they do get a lot of water into the air. For kids and adults who are ‘breathing water off’ because they are breathing fast, that will help their secretions be a bit wetter,” says Nachman. Baths or Showers The steamy air produced by baths and showers can help clear congestion, says Nachman. Saline Nose Drops or Sprays These can help keep nasal passages moist and help with stuffiness, according to the FDA . Nasal Suctioning With a Bulb Syringe Used with or without saline nose drops, these devices can help relieve stuffiness and are good for babies. Deep Breathing “For adults or children who are old enough, they can take deep breaths and blow them out. That makes them cough and get rid of the thick, sticky secretions in their lungs,” says Nachman. Nachman doesn’t recommend nebulizer treatments for RSV. “They don’t seem to make you get better faster and they can be difficult to use,” she says.
When to Go to the Hospital When a Baby or Adult With RSV Needs to Go to the Hospital Anyone with RSV who has difficulty breathing or a high fever, or develops a blue tone to their skin (especially the lips and the nail beds), will require immediate medical attention, according to Mayo Clinic . “Watch how your baby breathes,” says Nachman. “If they are having trouble, they may need to be tested and go on oxygen.” This is true for older children and adults as well: If they are working hard to breathe, they may need supplemental oxygen, says Nachman. It’s estimated that over 100,000 and possibly more than 200,000 people (mostly babies and older adults) are hospitalized in the U.S. each year because of RSV, per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , often for severe infections such as pneumonia (infection of the lungs) or bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs). As many as 10,000 adults 65 and over and 300 children younger than 5 die from RSV each year, the CDC estimates. Adults and babies hospitalized with RSV may receive: Intravenous (IV) fluids Humidified oxygen Mechanical ventilation (from a so-called breathing machine) For immunocompromised patients, doctors might opt to use the antiviral medication ribavirin or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
